What is an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is fundamentally a process that evaluates the potential environmental effects of a proposed project before it is implemented. This process is critical because it enables decision-makers to understand the environmental consequences that a project may have, allowing them to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive ones.

The EIA process typically involves various steps, including scoping, assessing potential environmental impacts, considering alternatives, and engaging with stakeholders for feedback. By identifying and addressing potential environmental issues upfront, an EIA serves to protect ecosystems, promote sustainable development, and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the primary function of an EIA. While enhancing community relations and considering community input can be a beneficial aspect of the EIA process, it is not its main purpose. Similarly, increasing project budgets and promoting corporate profits are not inherent goals of an EIA; in fact, the EIA can sometimes lead to increased costs if mitigation measures are required. Thus, the definition of an EIA as a process assessing potential environmental effects of a proposed project stands out as the most accurate and comprehensive description.