What impact has the Green Revolution had on pollution levels?

The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural development that began in the 1940s and continued into the 1960s, characterized by the use of high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides to enhance food production. While the Green Revolution succeeded in increasing agricultural productivity and alleviating hunger in many parts of the world, it also had adverse environmental impacts, particularly in terms of pollution.

The correct response indicates that pollution levels have increased due to the practices initiated during the Green Revolution. The widespread use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has led to nutrient runoff into waterways, contributing to issues such as water pollution and eutrophication, where excessive nutrients in water bodies cause algal blooms, depleting oxygen and harming aquatic life. Additionally, the increased use of fossil fuels for machinery and transportation in agriculture has contributed to air pollution.

This period also saw intensified land use and monoculture practices, which can exacerbate soil degradation, further affecting the environment. As a result, while achieving short-term gains in food production, the environmental costs—including increased pollution—have become significant concerns linked to the agricultural practices of the Green Revolution.