What does cognitive dissonance indicate?

Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort or tension that arises when an individual holds two or more conflicting beliefs, values, or cognitions at the same time. This discrepancy can create an inner conflict, leading a person to feel uneasy or stressed. The recognition of this contradiction urges individuals to seek resolution, often by changing one of the conflicting beliefs, rationalizing the inconsistency, or minimizing its impact.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of cognitive dissonance. Total agreement on a belief system implies harmony and consistency, which contradicts the very nature of dissonance. The feeling of tranquility and contentment reflects emotional stability, which is the opposite of the internal struggle associated with cognitive dissonance. Finally, while cognitive dissonance can indeed provoke an emotional response during decision-making, it is primarily marked by the conflict between cognitions rather than being solely an emotional reaction. Thus, the indication of a contradiction between two or more cognitions is a precise description of cognitive dissonance.