What does aquifer depletion result from?

Aquifer depletion is primarily the result of over-extraction of groundwater. This occurs when water is withdrawn from an aquifer faster than it can be naturally replenished through processes such as precipitation or surface water infiltration. When groundwater is extracted in excessive amounts, it leads to a decline in the water table and the storage capacity of the aquifer. This can exacerbate water scarcity issues, impact local ecosystems, and increase the cost of water supply as it becomes more difficult to access the remaining water.

Natural replenishment of aquifers occurs as part of a balanced hydrological cycle, but when the rate of extraction exceeds this natural recharge, depletion becomes a critical concern. Therefore, recognizing the need for sustainable groundwater management practices is essential to mitigate the effects of over-extraction and ensure long-term water security.