Soil formation is predominantly a result of rock weathering, which involves the physical and chemical breakdown of minerals found in rocks. This process occurs over long periods, allowing the minerals to disintegrate into smaller particles. As rocks break down, they release essential nutrients that become integral components of soil.
Weathering occurs due to various factors, including temperature changes, water, wind, and biological activity, such as plant roots penetrating rock surfaces. The combination of these elements contributes to the gradual formation of soil layers, enriching it with organic matter as living organisms contribute to the biological processes necessary for soil health and fertility.
This understanding emphasizes the critical role of weathering in forming the soil ecosystem that supports plant life and, in turn, sustains various forms of animals, contributing to the overall ecological balance.